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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 65, Zeilen: 1-9, 15-23 |
Quelle: Ivy Backlund 2004 Seite(n): 30, 34, 41, Zeilen: 41: 3rd paragraph; 30: 3rd paragraph, 5th paragraph; 34: 2nd paragraph |
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| [Human communication is a continuous and dynamic process of sending] and receiving messages in order to share meaning. To achieve this purpose, people use both verbal and nonverbal communication. Communication flows back and forth simultaneously, both verbally and nonverbally, between the sender and the receiver (Wood, 2001). Communication then becomes gendered when sex or gender clearly begins to influence one’s choices – choices of what one says and how one relates to others. Many scholars claim that gender is an all-inclusive designation, a personal characteristic so pervasive that communication cannot avoid its effects. Thus, in this view, all communication is gendered (Spender, 1985; Thorne, Kramarae, & Henley, 1983; Wilson Schaef, 1981).
[...] One of the most provocative depictions of gender communication is found in Lois Gould’s X: A Fabulous Child’s Story (1972). Gould (1972) writes about X, a child whose parents participated in an experimental study by not revealing to anyone the biological sex of the child. The story starts from X’s infancy and advances through childhood, as X plays with other children, goes to school and deals with sex-specific bathrooms, and is considered mentally healthy by a psychiatrist. The most interesting part of this story is the reaction of other people toward X. Adults, as well as children, in the story found it enormously difficult to cope with not knowing X’s sex. It was as if people did not know how to behave without sex-based information to guide them. Gould, L. (1972, December). X: A fabulous child’s story. Ms. 105-106. Spender, D. (1985). Man made language (2nd ed.). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Thorne, B., Kramarae, C., Henley, N. (1983). Language, gender, and society: Opening a second decade of research. In B. Thorne, C. Kramarae, & N. Henley (Eds. Language, gender, and society (pp. 7-24). Rowley, MA: Newburry. [sic] Wilson Schaef, A. (1981). Women’s reality: An emerging female system in the white male society. Minneapolis: Winston. Wood, J. (2001). Gendered lives: Communication, gender, and culture (4th Edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing. |
[page 41]
Human communication isn't static; it's an ongoing, dynamic process of sending and receiving messages for the purpose of sharing meaning. To accomplish this purpose, people use both verbal and nonverbal communication (including body movement, physical appearance, facial expression, touch, and tone of voice). Communication flows back and forth simultaneously, both verbally and nonverbally, between sender and receiver (DeVito, 2000; Wood, 2001). [page 30] We believe that communication becomes gendered when sex or gender overtly begins to influence your choices—choices of what you say and how you relate to others. [...] However, some scholars believe that gender is an all-encompassing designation, a personal characteristic so pervasive that communication cannot escape its effects. In this view, all communication is gendered (Spender, 1985; Thorne, Kramarae, & Henley, 1983; Wilson Schaef, 1981). [page 34] One of the more provocative illustrations of these ideas can be found in "X: A Fabulous Child's Story" by Lois Gould (1972). Gould offers a fictional account of a child named X whose parents participated in an experimental study by not revealing to anyone the biological sex of the child. The story progresses from infancy through childhood, as X plays with other children, goes to school and deals with sex-specific bathrooms, and is pronounced mentally healthy by a psychiatrist. What is most fascinating in this story is people's reactions to X. Adults and children alike in the story had extreme difficulty in coping with not knowing the child's sex. It was as if they didn't know how to behave without sex-based information to guide them. DeVito, J. A. (2000). The interpersonal communication book (9th ed.). New York: Addison Wesley. Gould, F. (1972, December). X: A fabulous child's story. Ms., 105-106. Spender, D. (1985). Man made language (2nd ed.). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Thorne, B., Kramarae, C., & Henley, N. (1983). Language, gender, and society: Opening a second decade of research. In B. Thorne, C. Kramarae, & N. Henley (Eds.), Language, gender, and society (pp. 7-24). Rowley, MA: Newbury. Wilson Schaef, A. (1981). Women's reality: An emerging female system in the white male society. Minneapolis: Winston. Wood, J. T. (2001). Communication mosaics: A new introduction to the field of communication (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. |
The true source is not given. The passage begins on the previous page. Although both texts refer to a Wood 2001, they refer to different titles. |
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