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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 144, Zeilen: 2-10, 19 ff. |
Quelle: Blackburn 2001 Seite(n): online, Zeilen: - |
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| [When Soekarno’s autocracy disastrously collapsed, “Soeharto’s regime set about ‘cleansing’ the women’s movement by outlawing and demonizing radical groups like] Gerwani. It exerted strict control over the women’s federation, Kowani, exploiting it for its own development purposes” (Blackburn, 2001, para. 14). The New Order enhanced the role of the ‘wives’ organizations,’ such as Dharma Wanita (the wives of state employees), and established a new mass-based organization, the Family Guidance Welfare Movement, or PKK. Aside from strictly non-political religious groups, the PKK was the only organization allowed to recruit village women as members. PKK helped execute such official development plans as the family planning program, which arguably benefited rural women by providing them with inexpensive or free contraceptives, although not without considerable pressure and lack of adequate information or a broad range of choices (Blackburn, 2001).
[...] In 1974, the authoritarian New Order granted the women’s movement what it had long desired, a uniform marriage law that offered women more legal protection and certainty in marriage than the large majority of them had previously had under the considerably unsupervised and exclusively male-run Islamic legal system. Since 1974, the religious courts have been heavily under the government’s control. Women have [repeatedly been appointed as judges, and decisions, especially about divorce and polygamy, are less arbitrary and weighted against wives.] |
The price they paid, however, was the mobilisation of the women's movement by the state. The regime set about 'cleansing' the women's movement by outlawing and demonising radical groups like Gerwani. It exerted strict control over the women's federation, Kowani, exploiting it for its own development purposes. The New Order boosted the role of the 'wives' organisations', such as Dharma Wanita (the wives of state employees), and created a new mass-based organisation, the Family Guidance Welfare Movement or PKK.
Apart from strictly non-political religious groups, the PKK was the only organisation permitted to sign up village women as members. PKK helped implement official development plans like the family planning program, which arguably brought great benefit to rural women by providing them with cheap or free contraceptives, albeit accompanied by considerable pressure and lack of adequate information or a wide range of choice. In 1974 the authoritarian New Order gave the women's movement what it had long craved, a uniform marriage law that offered women more legal protection and certainty in marriage than the vast majority of them had previously had under the largely unsupervised and exclusively male-run Islamic legal system. Since 1974, the religious courts have been closely controlled by the government. Women have frequently been appointed as judges, and decisions, particularly about divorce and polygamy, are less arbitrary and weighted against wives. |
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