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Quelle: Posas 2007 Seite(n): 1, 2, Zeilen: 1: left col.: 15 ff.; right col: 1 ff.; 2: 1 |
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| [Climate Change impacts already documented include accelerated glacier retreat from the arctic to the tropics, longer growing seasons, shift of species ranges, increases in extreme meteorological events (severe storms, drought, heat waves), ocean acidification, and changing weather patterns, with] scientists reporting that some changes like Antarctic ice cap melting and sea level rise are happening more rapidly than initially predicted.
These changes are affecting populations across the globe, whether through direct environmental consequences or economic, social or security ramifications. In order to stabilize the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration to between 445 and 490 ppm (for an estimated global mean temperature increase of 2°C to 2.4°C above the pre-industrial average), current worldwide emissions would need to peak before 2015, and be reduced from 50% to 85% of 2000 levels by 2050 (IPCC 2001, p.04-15)1 [sic]. 1 Chapter 2 further elaborates on present Climate Change interventions IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change) (2001). Watson RT And The Core Writing Team (Eds) Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report. Contributions Of Working Groups I, II And III To The Third Assessment Report Of The Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Also Available At: www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/ |
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Climate change impacts already documented include accelerated glacier retreat from the arctic to the tropics, longer growing seasons, shift of species ranges, increases in extreme meteorological events (severe storms, drought, heat waves), ocean acidification, and changing weather patterns (IPCC 2007b), with scientists reporting that some changes like Antarctic ice cap melting and sea level rise are happening more rapidly than initially predicted (Black 2007, Hopkin 2007). These changes are affecting populations across the globe, whether through direct environmental consequences or economic, social or security ramifications (Barnett 2003). In order to stabilize the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration to between 445 and 490 ppm (for an estimated global mean temperature increase of 2 to 2.4°C above the pre-industrial average), current worldwide emissions would need to peak before 2015, and be [page 2] reduced to 50 to 85% of 2000 levels by 2050 (IPCC 2007c).2 2Even those targets may not be enough, argues Monbiot(2006). Unfortunately, worldwide carbon dioxide emissions have continued to increase up to the present and are currently 19% above 1990 levels (WB 2007). See WB (2007) for figures and breakdown of current worldwide emissions by country and sector. Carbon dioxide is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, and the IPCC reports that ‘The global atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has increased from a pre-industrial value of about 280 ppm to 379 ppm in 2005. The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide in 2005 exceeds by far the natural range over the last 650 000 yr (180 to 300 ppm) as determined from ice cores’ (IPCC 2007a) Barnett J (2003) Security and climate change. Glob Environ Change 13:7–17 Black R (2007) Arctic melt faster than forecast, BBC News, 30 April 2007. Available online at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6610125.stm Hopkin M (2007) Sea levels ‘rising faster than predicted’. Nature News, 1 Feb 2007. Available online at: www.nature.com/news/2007/070129/full/070129-13.html IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2007a) Summary for policymakers. In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z and others (eds) Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contributions of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Also available online at: www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-spm.pdf IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2007b) Summary for policymakers. In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE (eds) Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contributions of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Also available online at: www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg2/ar4-wg2-spm.pdf IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2007c) Summary for policymakers. In: Metz B, Davidson OR, Bosch PR, Dave R, Meyer LA (eds) Climate change 2007: mitigation of climate change. Contributions of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Also available online at: www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-spm.pdf Monbiot G (2006) Heat: how to stop the plant burning. Allen Lane, London WB (World Bank) (2007) Little green data book. WB, Washington, DC. Available online at: http://go.worldbank.org/LJHOT9J2P0 |
The actual source is not given. The source given, IPCC 2001, does not contain this data. It can be found in IPCC 2007c, as indicated by Posas. One of the sources given in Posas 2007 in footnote 2, IPCC 2007a, is listed in the reference section of Ids, but no in-text references to this source are given. The phrase "reduced from 50% to 85% of 2000 levels by 2050" does not make sense, as one does not reduce "from" one number to a higher number, but can reduce "to" a given interval. |
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