|
|
|
| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 38, Zeilen: 2 ff. |
Quelle: Bond 2003 Seite(n): online, Zeilen: 0 |
|---|---|
| Over the past decade, as the evidence of Climate Change became clearer and better understood, a strong international movement for action has emerged. In 1992 at Rio de Janeiro, more than 180 countries signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which outlined the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as a global response to Climate Change. The UNFCCC came into effect in March, 1994, but despite this establishment, very little action was taken around the world. The Kyoto Protocol, which was agreed upon on December 11, 1997, at a meeting of the UNFCCC in Kyoto, Japan, was created as an effort to force action on the international community. Under the Kyoto Protocol, industrialized nations agreed to cut their greenhouse gas emissions to a certain percentage below 1990 levels. The year 1990 was chosen as a baseline because that was the year when the UN first launched negotiations on Climate Change. These total cuts in emissions would have to be accomplished by the target period of 2008-2012. The Kyoto Protocol applies to industrialized nations only. Developing countries, including India and China, were not required to commit to reductions because their per-capita greenhouse gas emissions are much lower than those of developed nations. This decision also took into account the fact that the poorer economies of the developing countries would be unable to absorb the costs of switching from a fossil fuel based system to cleaner fuels. The plan is that poorer countries will be brought more actively into future Climate Change agreements as cleaner technologies develop and become less expensive (UNFCC 2014, webpage).
The European Union and Japan, which are the two large players that firmly support the Protocol and have ratified it, have been working frantically to keep support for the Kyoto Protocol in place. Both are relatively small, densely populated, developed [countries that do not have access to their own low-cost sources of fossil fuel or hydro power.] UNFCC, 2014 United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change, http://unfccc.int/essential_background/items/6031.php |
Over the past decade, as the evidence of climate change became clearer and better understood, a strong international movement for action has emerged. In 1992 at Rio de Janeiro, more than 180 countries signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which outlined the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as a global response to climate change. The UNFCCC came into effect in March, 1994, but despite this establishment, very little action was taken around the world.27
The Kyoto Protocol; which was agreed upon on December 11, 1997, at a meeting of the UNFCCC in Kyoto, Japan; was created as an effort to force action on the international community.28 Overview of the Kyoto Protocol Under the Kyoto Protocol, industrialized nations agreed to cut their greenhouse gas emissions to a certain percentage below 1990 levels. The year 1990 was chosen as a baseline because that was the year when the UN first launched negotiations on climate change. These total cuts in emissions would have to be accomplished by the target period of 2008-2012.29 [Image]30 The Kyoto Protocol applies to industrialized nations only. Developing countries, including India and China, were not required to commit to reductions because their per-capita greenhouse gas emissions are much lower than those of developed nations. This decision also took into account the fact that the poorer economies of the developing countries would be unable to absorb the costs of switching from a fossil fuel based system to cleaner fuels. The plan is that poorer countries will be brought more actively into future climate change agreements as cleaner technologies develop and become less expensive.31 [...] The European Union and Japan, which are the two large players that firmly support the Protocol and have ratified it, have been working frantically to keep support for the Kyoto Protocol in place. Both are relatively small, densely populated, developed countries that do not have access to their own low-cost sources of fossil fuel or hydro power. 4. "The Convention and the Kyoto Protocol", UNFCCC, http://unfccc.int/resource/convkp.html, 3 November 2002. 5. Kelly, Mick, "The Causes of Climate Change", Climatic Research Unit, November 2000, www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/info/causecc/, 11 January 2003. [...] 27. Environment Canada. A Discussion Paper on Canada's Contribution to Addressing Climate Change. Ottawa: Government of Canada, 2001. 28. Ibid Note 4. 29. Jaimet, Kate. "A primer on Kyoto." The Ottawa Citizen 30 August 2002: A4. 30. Ibid Note 5. 31. Ibid Note 29. |
The source is not given. |
|