von Dr. Marcus Gereke
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| [1.] Mag/Fragment 093 20 - Diskussion Zuletzt bearbeitet: 2014-03-16 21:38:05 WiseWoman | BauernOpfer, Fragment, Gesichtet, Mag, Moyron-Quiroz et al 2004, SMWFragment, Schutzlevel sysop |
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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 93, Zeilen: 20-30 |
Quelle: Moyron-Quiroz et al 2004 Seite(n): 927, Zeilen: l.col: 24ff |
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| The role of BALT in mouse and humans are controversialy [sic] discussed and it is reported that infection or inflammation triggers the organization of lymphoid structures in the lung of both species (Chvatchko et al., 1996; Delventhal et al., 1992; Tschernig and Pabst, 2000). These structures do not fit the classical definition of BALT, as they are not formed independently of antigen (Bienenstock and Johnston, 1976; Plesch et al., 1983). Because the inducible BALT (iBALT) appears in the lung only after infection or inflammation, it is generally assumed that iBALT is simply an accumulation of effector cells that were initially primed in conventional lymphoid organs. The neo-formation of iBALT is caused by inflammatory responses, which directly promote the recruitment, priming and expansion of antigen-specific lymphocytes (Moyron-Quiroz et al., 2004).
Bienenstock J, Johnston N. A morphologic study of rabbit bronchial lymphoid aggregates and lymphoepithelium. Lab Invest. 1976 Oct; 35 (4): 343-8. 'Chvatchko Y, Kosco-Vilbois MH, Herren S, Lefort J, Bonnefoy JY. Germinal center formation and local immunoglobulin E (IgE) production in the lung after an airway antigenic challenge. J Exp Med. 1996 Dec 1; 184 (6): 2353-60. Delventhal S, Brandis A, Ostertag H, Pabst R. Low incidence of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in chronically inflamed human lungs. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol. 1992; 62 (4): 271-4. Moyron-Quiroz JE, Rangel-Moreno J, Kusser K, Hartson L, Sprague F, Goodrich S, Woodland DL, Lund FE, Randall TD. Role of inducible bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) in respiratory immunity. Nat Med. 2004 Sep; 10 (9): 927-34. Epub 2004 Aug 15. Plesch BE, Gamelkoorn GJ, van de Ende M. Development of bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in the rat, with special reference to T- and B-cells. Dev Comp Immunol. 1983 Winter; 7 (1): 179-88. Tschernig T, Pabst R. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is not present in the normal adult lung but in different diseases. Pathobiology. 2000 Jan-Feb; 68 (1): 1-8. Review. |
Although the presence of BALT in mouse and human lungs is controversial, there are reports that infection or inflammation triggers the organization of lymphoid structures in the lungs of both species18–21. These structures do not fit the classical definition of BALT, as they are not formed independently of antigen22,23. Because inducible BALT (iBALT) appears in the lung only after infection or inflammation, it is generally assumed that iBALT is simply an accumulation of effector cells that were initially primed in conventional lymphoid organs; however, it is also possible that inflammatory responses directly trigger the neo-formation of iBALT, which promotes the recruitment, priming and expansion of antigen-specific lymphocytes in situ.
18. Delventhal, S., Hensel, A., Petzoldt, K. & Pabst, R. Effects of microbial stimulation on the number, size and activity of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) structures in the pig. Int. J. Exp. Path. 73, 351–357 (1992). 19. Tshering, [sic] T. & Pabst, R. Bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is not present in normal adult lung but in different diseases. Pathobiol. 68, 1–8 (2000). 20. Chvatchko, Y., Kosco-Vilbois, M.H., Herren, S., Lefort, J. & Bonnefoy, J.-Y. Germinal center formation and local immunoglobulin E (IgE) production in the lung after an airway antigenic challenge. J. Exp. Med. 184, 2353–2360 (1996). 21. Chin, R.K. et al. Lymphotoxin pathway directs thymic Aire expression. Nat. Immunol. 4, 1121–1127 (2003). 22. Bienenstock, J. & Johnston, N. A morphologic study of rabbit bronchial lymphoid aggregates and lymphoepithelium. Lab. Invest. 35, 343–348 (1976). 23. Plesch, B.E.C., van der Brugge-Gamelkoorn, G.J. & van de Ende, M.B. Development of bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in the rat, with special reference to T and B cells. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 7, 79–84 (1983). |
The source is given for the last part of the passage. It is also given just before the passage documented here, but that refers to the preceding paragraph. It is, however, not clear to the reader that also the parts for which other literature is referenced are taken from the source and that the source is being followed more or less literally. |
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