Angaben zur Quelle [Bearbeiten]
| Autor | Stefan Pollklas |
| Titel | Interest Groups in the United States and Germany: Capital and Labor, Confrontation and Cooperation (MA Thesis, University of Virginia.) |
| Jahr | 1998 |
| URL | excerpt: http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA98/pollklas/thesis/codetermination.html |
Literaturverz. |
ja |
| Fragmente | 2 |
| [1.] Cs/Fragment 118 18 - Diskussion Zuletzt bearbeitet: 2021-06-25 19:41:07 Numer0nym | Cs, Fragment, Gesichtet, Pollklas 1998, SMWFragment, Schutzlevel sysop, Verschleierung |
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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 118, Zeilen: 18-25 |
Quelle: Pollklas 1998 Seite(n): 1, Zeilen: - |
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| Modern co-determination was initially established in the coal and steel industries with over 1000 employees in 1951 with the Iron and Steel Co-determination Act of 1951 (Montan-Mitbestimmungsgesetz). This law was implemented when the German government was facing threats of severe strikes by the two unions in the iron and steel industries. It obliges the supervisory boards of companies (Aufsichtsräte) to be made up equally of representatives of the employers and the workers side, plus one neutral member. Concessions were made to the unions in turn for political support on their part for the federal economic, foreign, and defence policies. | Modern codetermination was first established in the coal and steel industries in 1951 with the Iron and Steel Codetermination Act of 1951 (Montan- Mitbestimmungsgesetz). This law was implemented when German government was facing threats of severe strikes by the two unions in the iron and steel industries. Concessions were made to the unions in turn for political support on their part for the federal economic, foreign, and defense policies.
[...]. It obliges the supervisory boards of companies (Aufsichtsräte) to be made up equally of representatives of the employers' and the workers' side, plus one neutral member. |
This is largely literal copy from the source: one sentence has been left out and the position of two sentences has been exchanged. There is a reference to the source on the same page of the thesis, but above this text fragment with no apparent relation to it. Also, it is not clear to the reader that he is faced with a direct quote, as it is not identified as such by quotation marks or otherwise. |
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| [2.] Cs/Fragment 119 01 - Diskussion Zuletzt bearbeitet: 2021-06-25 19:41:17 Numer0nym | Cs, Fragment, Gesichtet, Pollklas 1998, SMWFragment, Schutzlevel sysop, Verschleierung |
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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 119, Zeilen: 1-21 |
Quelle: Pollklas 1998 Seite(n): 1, Zeilen: - |
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| In 1972 and 1976 the laws were extended to include all large companies, increasing the influence that workers have on internal management matters and in particular employment structural questions. The general Co-determination Act of 1976 is applicable to all companies with more than 2 000 employees. Although the basic provision regarding the make-up of the supervisory boards remains equal to that of the Iron and Steel Co-determination Act, details limit the influence of labour in this law. First, one of the representatives of the workers' side has to be an employee of the management level, who does not necessarily represent the interests of the employed. Furthermore, the chairperson of the supervisory board cannot be nominated without consent of the employer. The chair can cast the decisive vote in tied situations in the board.
Workers representation for small and medium-sized companies is regulated in the Works Constitution Act of 1972 (Betriebsverfassungsgesetz). In joint stock companies with up to 2 000 employees, and in any other type of companies with 500 – 2 000 employees, the share of workers' representatives on the supervisory boards is one third. In smaller companies, employees do not have any extended influence on management. However, they can form workers’ councils (Betriebsräte) that have a say in social and personnel matters in companies with five or more employees. The law commits workers' councils to compromise with companies rather than seeking confrontation. It explicitly forbids exertion of pressure on companies. The Works Constitution Act ensures representation of both unionized and nonunion workers however because of high levels of unionisation in Germany, union members dominate most council. |
The laws were extended in 1972 and 1976 to all large corporations, increasing the rights of workers to influence in plant management and job structuring. The general Codetermination Act of 1976 affects all corporations with more than 2,000 employees. Although the basic provision regarding the composition of the supervisory boards remains equal to that of the Iron and Steel Codetermination Act, decisive details restrict the influence of labor in this law. First, one of the representatives of the workers' side has to be an employee of the management level, who does not necessarily represent the interests of the employed. Furthermore, the chairperson of the supervisory board cannot be nominated without consent of the employer. The chair can cast the decisive vote in tied situations in the board.
The Works Constitution Act of 1972 (Betriebsverfassungsgesetz) regulates workers' representation in small and medium-sized companies. In joint stock companies with up to 2,000 employees, and in any other type of enterprise with 500 - 2,000 employees, the share of workers' representatives on the supervisory boards is one third. In smaller corporations, employees do not have any extended influence on management. However, they can form workers' councils (Betriebsräte) in any enterprise with more than five employees. These councils have a voice in social and personnel matters. The law commits workers' councils to cooperate with with companies rather than seeking confrontation. It explicitly forbids exertion of pressure on companies. The Works Constitution Act ensures representation of both unionized and non-union workers, but because of high levels of unionization in Germany, union members dominate most councils. |
Source is mentioned on the previous page, but without relation to this text fragment. There have been minor adaptations to the copied text, and the last word is missing the plural. |
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